History

Baptist chapel of 1878 by George Morgan, possibly the finest of his Italian Romanesque works and the centre piece of an extraordinary few years in which he introduced the style to Wales. Priory Chapel Carmarthen of 1875, Salem, Ferryside of 1877, Frogmore Street, Abergavenny of 1877, Bethesda, Haverfordwest of 1878, Ebenezer Port Talbot of 1880 and Dinas Noddfa, Swansea of 1884 are the major works. This chapel cost £2,199. The gallery ironwork also appears in two Baptist chapels of the later 1870s by the Rev H Thomas, Adulam, Felinfoel, Llanelli, and Caersalem Newydd, Treboeth, Swansea. The carved stonework is by E Powell of Abergavenny, the coloured glass by Cox & Son. The chapel replaces one of 1789 rebuilt in 1816 using old site and part of old walls.

Exterior

Chapel, rock-faced grey limestone with extensive Bath stone ashlar dressings, slate roofs and coped gables with stone finials. Large Romanesque winged gable facade. Advanced centre with wings gabled on the side walls. Two-storey design, the low ground floor under a big stringcourse with zigzag moulding right across. Centre is framed by piers with ashlar quoins that rise right up to stepped corbelling following the gable line. Below the corbelling a stepped small arcade of 7 blank panels. Pierced ashlar infill only to the tallest centre panel, 6 column shafts and a hoodmould following the stepped arches. This is over the very large main rose window, an exceptional design, a Gothic octofoil with shaft-ribs, trefoil cusping and pierced spandrels below. Ashlar over-arch on ashlar column shafts and red sandstone voussoirs above the hoodmould. The hoodmould links to a string course across to the hoodmoulds of a pair of arched windows in each wing, with 3 column shafts, stilted heads and red voussoirs. The wings have ashlar quoins and ashlar eaves corbelling. The ground floor centre has a pair of ornate gabled doorways with corbelled coped gables and richly carved Romanesque arches on fat angle shafts, paired with central shaft and side shafts, all with florid carved capitals. The carving of the capitals is continued as a band across to the outer edge of the centre bay. Within the arches, double doors with shouldered heads and ashlar tympana each pierced with 3 sexfoils. The wings have each a similar ground floor 2-light window to those above, but with only one column shaft, between the lights.
The side walls are 5-window, rendered, with the gable of the wings over nearest bay. Cambered headed windows below, raised band, arched windows above, and string course linking the upper hoodmoulds. The rear has a shallow 3-sided projection for the pulpit, 2-3-2 light arched windows and coped gable with paired ashlar chimney shafts.
Attached to the front facade right is a screen wall with corbelling and shouldered-headed door linking to the stone-clad end gable of the house in the adjoining street. To the left is N gable end of attached parallel vestry with shafted stepped 5-light window, the walling recessed under stepped gable corbelling. Ornate finial. Vestry has punched rose window to S with red stone voussoirs, gable-end chimney and glazed lantern on ridge. Entry is from side street at an angle. Coped stone wall with arched window each side of cambered-headed panelled door, with red stone voussoirs. Ashlar scalloped cornice. To left, elders' room projection from chapel with 2 arched windows in rendered wall with parapet. Canted-hipped slate roof behind. Rendered wall is ramped down and continued around rear of chapel.

Interior

Broad interior with panelled deep-coved 5-bay ceiling, moulded ribs on carved stone corbels. Five diamond-shaped pierced timber ventilators. Three-sided gallery on 9 cast-iron columns with furled leaf capitals. Timber cornice to gallery with brackets over columns, under fine continuous double-curved pierced cast iron front of intricate design. Curved-ended brackets under gallery. Pitch-pine pews in 3 blocks, with doors. Dado rail with pierced quatrefoils. Stepped platform with canted sides, open rail, and immersion font beneath floor. Further steps up each side of broad pulpit platform with canted angles. Rail has column shafts and cusped arches with iron inserts. Similar column shafts to stair rails. Behind pulpit is unusual shallow three-sided apse behind tall arch on ringed columns with carved capitals. Arch has neo-Romanesque ornament, hoodmould and ornate stops. Three-sided back has 2-3-2 light windows set high, with coloured glass. Arched lights with stilted heads, column shafts and carved capitals. Lower wall is Gothic-panelled with quatrefoil frieze over long arched panels with cusped heads. Three-panel canted sides, centre has one panel only visible each side of massive Gothic centrepiece. Two heavy ringed shafts with carved capitals carry steep gabled finials each side of centre taller gable. This has small roundels in gable over stepped triplet of three arched panels with thin column shafts and cusped heads, the centre panel much taller.
Lobby has 4-light Gothic window with column shafts, timber tracery and coloured glass. Stairs up each side with doors to gallery. Coloured glass in upper rose window and flanking windows. Gallery pews are curved, and a small later C19 organ backs onto the rose window. Doors off ground floor each side lead to small minister's and elders' rooms.
Vestry has 5-bay interior with arch-braced trusses on corbels. Walls have recess between piers with arch-braces to wall-plates. Plaque to Rev Benjamin Davies (d 1816), founder of chapel.

Reasons for Listing

Graded II* as the major work in Romanesque style of an outstanding Welsh chapel architect with complete interior.

External Links

• Cadwr Listing
• Wikidata Q17742160

External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry.

Recommended Books

• 
  Cumbria: Cumberland, Westmorland and Furness (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
• 
  Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
• 
  Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Monuments
• 
  Nottinghamshire (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
• 
  This Old House: Restoring, Rehabilitating, and Renovating an Older House
• 
  Setting up a Listed Building Heritage Partnership Agreement: Historic England Advice Note 5