Summary

Furness Railway Type 1 signal box built 1874.

Description

Railway signal box, 1874, for the Furness Railway. Furness Railway Type 1 design.

MATERIALS: red sandstone rock-faced ashlar; Welsh slate roof with round ridge tiles to ridge and hips.

EXTERIOR: small, squat signal box of two bays with a low-pitched hipped roof. Raised operating floor accessed via modern external steps to the north side. Front and sides continuously glazed with modern replacement window units with top-lights above. The projecting chimney stack to the centre of the rear has been truncated to just above eaves height.

INTERIOR: the signal box retains a London Midland Region lever frame of 15 levers installed in 1977.

History

From the 1840s, huts or cabins were provided for men operating railway signals. These were often located on raised platforms containing levers to operate the signals and in the early 1860s, the fully glazed signal box, initially raised high on stilts to give a good view down the line, emerged. The interlocking of signals and points, perhaps the most important single advance in rail safety, patented by John Saxby in 1856, was the final step in the evolution of railway signalling into a form recognisable today. Signal boxes were built to a great variety of different designs and sizes to meet traffic needs by signalling contractors and the railway companies themselves.

Signal box numbers peaked at around 12,000-13,000 for Great Britain just prior to the First World War and successive economies in working led to large reductions in their numbers from the 1920s onwards. British Railways inherited around 10,000 in 1948 and numbers dwindled rapidly to about 4000 by 1970. In 2012, about 750 remained in use; it was anticipated that most would be rendered redundant over the next decade.

The earliest known signal boxes built for the Furness Railway date to 1871-4. They were designed in-house (now categorised as Furness Railway Type 1), being clearly influenced by the designs of the signalling firm Saxby and Farmer, but utilised equipment supplied by a variety of external signalling contractors. Bootle Signal Box was built in circa 1874 to control the small station, level-crossing and a goods yard, being located on the northern end of the western station platform, adjacent to the Church Lane level-crossing.

Reasons for Listing

Bootle Signal Box is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons:
* Representative: as a rare surviving example of a Furness Railway Type 1 signal box, being the least altered example of the two survivors on the national rail network;
* Historic interest: dated 1874, being one of the earliest surviving signal boxes surviving nationally: the small, utilitarian form of Bootle Signal Box with its low-pitched hipped roof is typical of very early signal box designs such as those built by the firm of Saxby and Farmer.

External Links

• Historic England Listing
• Wikidata Q26676247

External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry.

Recommended Books

• 
  Development and Design of Heritage Sensitive Sites: Strategies for Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas
• 
  For the Record
• 
  County Durham (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England) by Elizabeth Williamson Nikolaus Pevsner(1983-03-11)
• 
  Cambridgeshire (Pevsner Architectural Guides) (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
• 
  Old House Eco Handbook: A Practical Guide to Retrofitting for Energy-Efficiency & Sustainability
• 
  Berkshire (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)