Description

456/0/10003 NEW HERRINGTON
08-JAN-08 Pillbox at NZ 34875 52938

GV II
Pillbox, one of a pair on an inland stop-line constructed in 1940-41 of reinforced concrete.

PLAN: an elongated hexagon with a main and rear front and a flat roof.

EXTERIOR: single storey and partly lying below ground level. The elongated front has a central machine gun embrasure flanked by single rifle embrasures with a single machine gun embrasure to each chamfered side. The rear front has a protected doorway with two rifle embrasures to one side and one to the other with a rifle and machine gun embrasure to each chamfered side.

INTERIOR: there is a thick detached blast wall in a central position within the pillbox. Beneath each of the machine gun embrasures, there is a roughly square hole, which formerly contained the mounting for a machine gun mount.

SUBSIDIARY FEATURES: a second pillbox lies c. 0.9km to the south and both examples lie on a former anti-invasion stop line.

HISTORY: From May 1940 to February 1942, inland defence hinged on the use of major anti-tank stop-lines intended to slow down an anticipated invasion from occupied France. Stop lines comprised a variety of defensive features including pillboxes, ditches and barbed wire. Pillboxes were usually built by local soldiers in various defensive locations and aimed to accommodate rifles or light machine guns and although the War Office issued twelve standard pillbox designs, in practice, many unofficial designs arose out of local considerations and preferences. The pillbox at New Herrington is one of a pair, which survives on a stop line that ringed the city of Sunderland and aimed to protect the town's western hinterland in the event of an east coast invasion. Analysis of old mapping shows that the pillbox was inserted into the side of a former quarry, which during the early C20 had been used as a miniature rifle range.

SOURCES: I Brown et al 20th Century Defences in Britain 1996;
C S Dobinson 1996 Twentieth Century Fortifications in England Anti-invasion defences of WW II. CBA.

REASON FOR DESIGNATION:
This Second World War pillbox is designated at Grade II for the following principal reasons:

* It is an example of a type of pillbox which is exclusively north eastern and is rare in a national context
* It is situated on a defensive stop-line and has group value with an adjacent pillbox
* It illustrates the strategic approach to anti-invasion defences in the hinterland of an important industrial town during the Second World War
* It is a well-preserved example of its type whose form clearly illustrates its intended function.

NZ3487552938

Reasons for Listing

* It is an example of a type of pillbox which is exclusively north eastern and is rare in a national context
* It is situated on a defensive stop-line and has group value with an adjacent pillbox
* It illustrates the strategic approach to anti-invasion defences in the hinterland of an important industrial town during the Second World War
* It is a well-preserved example of its type whose form clearly illustrates its intended function.

External Links

• Historic England Listing
• Wikidata Q26671602

External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry.

Recommended Books

• 
  The Listed Buildings and Other Principal Structures at the Royal Gunpowder Mills Waltham Abbey
• 
  Old House Handbook: A Practical Guide to Care and Repair by Hunt. Roger ( 2008 ) Hardcover
• 
  Suffolk: West: The Buildings of England (Pevsner Architectural Guides) (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
• 
  Northumberland (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
• 
  Listed Buildings: The Law and Practice of History Buildings, Ancient Monuments and Conservation Areas
• 
  Historic Environment Law: Planning, Listed Buildings, Monuments, Conservation Areas and Objects, Supplement 2014